The Spiritual Reformer of the Kazakh Nation: Humanism and Mystical Orientation in Abai’s Literary Heritage

Abstract

Abay Kunanbayev, through his immortal name and unparalleled creative legacy, brought worldwide recognition to the Kazakh nation and stands as a prominent representative of Eastern thought. His works embody profound Sufi-philosophical reflections, analytical insights on society and human nature, and ideas devoted to cultivating the perfect individual. This article examines humanism, moral principles, spiritual development, pedagogical approaches, and the Naqshbandiyya teachings in Abay’s intellectual and artistic heritage. It addresses purification from desires, ethical excellence, social responsibility, personal growth, and the cultivation of a high moral culture. Special attention is given to the influence of Alisher Navoi, whom Abay regarded as his spiritual mentor, on the harmonious integration of love for life, humanism, justice, and Naqshbandiyya principles within his worldview. The study provides readers with deeper understanding of Abay’s philosophical, ethical, pedagogical, and spiritual features, emphasizes the role of humanistic traditions in Eastern literature, and highlights their relevance for contemporary education, ethics, and spiritual formation. Furthermore, it analyzes the moral and philosophical unity between Abay and Navoi’s teachings, which serves as a guide for ethical orientation, spiritual growth, and the cultivation of human virtues, demonstrating the enduring significance and practical value of their intellectual and artistic legacy in modern society.